There is always an integer in Takahashi's mind.

Initially, the integer in Takahashi's mind is 0. Takahashi is now going to eat four symbols, each of which is + or -. When he eats +, the integer in his mind increases by 1; when he eats -, the integer in his mind decreases by 1.

The symbols Takahashi is going to eat are given to you as a string S. The i-th character in S is the i-th symbol for him to eat.

Find the integer in Takahashi's mind after he eats all the symbols.

Constraints

• The length of S is 4.
• Each character in S is + or -.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the integer in Takahashi's mind after he eats all the symbols.

Examples

Input

+-++

Output

2

Input

-+--

Output

-2

Input

Output

-4

见题面

见题面