P26056 [AtCoder] Shuffle Window
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题目描述

Problem Statement

Given are $a permutation p_1, p_2, \dots, p_N$ of (1, 2, ..., N) and an integer K. Maroon performs the following operation for $i = 1, 2, \dots, N - K + 1$ in this order:

  • Shuffle $p_i, p_{i + 1}, \dots, p_{i + K - 1}$ uniformly randomly.

Find the expected value of the inversion number of the sequence after all the operations are performed, and print it modulo 998244353.
More specifically, from the constraints of this problem, it can be proved that the expected value is always a rational number, which can be represented as an irreducible fraction $\frac{P}{Q}$, and that the integer R that satisfies $R \times Q \equiv P \pmod{998244353}, 0 \leq R < 998244353$ is uniquely determined. Print this R.
Here, the inversion number of $a sequence a_1, a_2, \dots, a_N$ is defined to be the number of ordered pairs (i, j) that satisfy i < j, a_i > a_j.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N K
p_1 p_2 ... p_N

Output

Print the expected value modulo 998244353.

Constraints

  • $2 \leq N \leq 200,000$
  • $2 \leq K \leq N$
  • $(p_1, p_2, \dots, p_N)$ is a permutation of $(1, 2, \dots, N)$.
  • All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3 2
1 2 3

Sample Output 1

1

The final sequence is one of (1, 2, 3), (2, 1, 3), (1, 3, 2), (2, 3, 1), each with probability $\frac{1}{4}$.
Their inversion numbers are 0, 1, 1, 2 respectively, so the expected value is 1.

Sample Input 2

10 3
1 8 4 9 2 3 7 10 5 6

Sample Output 2

164091855

输入格式

见题面 Input 部分

输出格式

见题面 Output 部分

样例输入
3 2 1 2 3
样例输出
1