题目描述
Problem Statement
You are given a rooted tree with N vertices numbered 1 to N.
Vertex 1 is the root, and the parent of vertex $i (2 \leq i \leq N)$ is vertex p_i (p_i < i).
Additionally, there is $a sequence A = (A_1, A_2, \dots, A_N)$.
The hash value of the rooted tree is calculated as follows:
- Define $f(n) (1 \leq n \leq N)$ as follows in the order $n = N, N-1, \dots, 2, 1$.
- If vertex n is a leaf, f(n) = A_n.
-
If vertex n is not $a leaf, \displaystyle f(n) = A_n + \prod_{c \in$ C(n)} f(c), where C(n) is the set of children of n.
-
The hash value of the rooted tree is $f(1) \bmod{998244353}$.
Process Q queries in the order they are given.
Each query provides v and x, so update A_v to x and then compute the hash value of the rooted tree.
Input
The input is given from Standard Input in the following format, where $\mathrm{query}_i$ represents the i-th query:
N Q
$p_2 p_3 \dots p_N$
$A_1 A_2 \dots A_N$
$\mathrm{query}_1$
$\mathrm{query}_2$
$\vdots$
$\mathrm{query}_Q$
Each query is given in the following format:
v x
Output
Print Q lines. The i-th line should contain the answer to the i-th query.
Constraints
- $2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5$
- $1 \leq Q \leq 2 \times 10^5$
- $1 \leq p_i < i$
- $0 \leq A_i < 998244353$
- $1 \leq v \leq N$
- $0 \leq x < 998244353$
- All input values are integers.
Sample Input 1
3 2
1 1
3 5 1
3 4
2 1
Sample Output 1
23
7
Initially, A = (3, 5, 1).
The first query is processed as follows:
- Update A_3 to 4. Now A = (3, 5, 4).
- The hash value of the rooted tree is calculated as follows to be 23, which should be printed.
- Vertex 3 has no children. Thus, f(3) = 4.
- Vertex 2 has no children. Thus, f(2) = 5.
- Vertex 1 has children 2 and 3. Thus, $f(1) = 3 + 5 \times 4 = 23$.
- $f(1) \bmod{998244353} = 23$ is the hash value of the rooted tree.
The second query is processed as follows:
- Update A_2 to 1. Now A = (3, 1, 4).
- The hash value of the rooted tree is calculated as follows to be 7:
- Vertex 3 has no children. Thus, f(3) = 4.
- Vertex 2 has no children. Thus, f(2) = 1.
- Vertex 1 has children 2 and 3. Thus, $f(1) = 3 + 1 \times 4 = 7$.
- $f(1) \bmod{998244353} = 7$ is the hash value of the rooted tree.
Sample Input 2
5 4
1 1 2 2
2 5 4 4 1
3 3
5 0
4 5
5 2
Sample Output 2
29
17
17
47
Sample Input 3
10 10
1 2 1 2 5 6 3 5 1
766294629 440423913 59187619 725560240 585990756 965580535 623321125 550925213 122410708 549392044
1 21524934
9 529970099
6 757265587
8 219853537
5 687675301
5 844033519
8 780395611
2 285523485
6 13801766
3 487663184
Sample Output 3
876873846
952166813
626349486
341294449
466546009
331098453
469507939
414882732
86695436
199797684
输入格式
见题面 Input 部分
输出格式
见题面 Output 部分