题目描述
An input string S of length N is transferred through the network using a special protocol. The protocol can send the string through a series of operations. In one operation, we can choose a lowercase english alphabet C and do one of the following:
Transfer 1 copy of C through the network.
Transfer 2 copies of C through the network.
Each of the above transfers take 1 unit of time.
Find the minimum time in which we can transfer the entire string S through the network.
------ Input Format ------
- The first line will contain T - the number of test cases. Then the test cases follow.
- First line of each test case contains N - the length of the string S.
- Second line of each test case contains the string S.
------ Output Format ------
For each test case, output in a single line, the minimum time required to transfer the string.
------ Constraints ------
$1 ≤ T ≤ 100$
$1 ≤ N ≤ 10^{5}$
- Sum of $N$ over all test cases does not exceed $10^{5}$.
- String $S$ contains lowercase english alphabets only.
----- Sample Input 1 ------
2
5
cbcdc
6
aabeee
----- Sample Output 1 ------
5
4
----- explanation 1 ------
Test Case $1$: String can be transferred through following operations: send $1$ copy of character $\texttt{c}$, send $1$ copy of character $\texttt{b}$, send $1$ copy of character $\texttt{c}$, send $1$ copy of character $\texttt{d}$, and send $1$ copy of character $\texttt{c}$. Thus, total $5$ operations are required.
Test Case $2$: String can be transferred through following operations: send $2$ copies of character $\texttt{a}$, send $1$ copy of character $\texttt{b}$, send $1$ copy of character $\texttt{e}$, and send $2$ copies of character $\texttt{e}$. Thus, total $4$ operations are required.
输入格式
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输出格式
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