P18322 [CodeChef] VPATH
提高
题目描述

Read problem statements in [Bengali], [Mandarin Chinese], [Russian], and [Vietnamese] as well.

You are given a tree with $N$ nodes numbered from $1$ to $N$. A set $S$ of nodes is called valid if there exist two vertices $u$ and $v$ (possibly, $u=v$) such that every node in $S$ lies on the simple path from $u$ to $v$.

Count the number of valid sets modulo $10^{9}+7$. Two sets are different if one node is included in one set and not in the other. If there are multiple pairs $(u, v)$ making a set valid, that set is still only counted once.

------ Input ------
The first line contains an integer $T$, the number of test cases. Then the test cases follow.
Each test case contains $N$ lines of input.
The first line contains a single integer $N$, the number of tree nodes.
Each of the next $N-1$ lines contains two space-separated integers $u$ and $v$ representing an edge between nodes $u$ and $v$.

------ Output ------
For each test case, output in a single line the number of valid sets modulo $10^{9} + 7$.

------ Constraints ------
$1 ≤ T ≤ 50$
$1 ≤ N ≤ 10^{5}$
$1 ≤ u, v ≤ N$
Sum $N$ over all testcases is at most $5\cdot 10^{5}$.
The given input is a valid tree.

------ Subtasks ------
Subtask #1 (20 points):
$1 ≤ T ≤ 10$
$1 ≤ N ≤ 3\cdot 10^{3}$

Subtask #2 (80 points): Original Constraints

----- Sample Input 1 ------
2

4

1 2

3 1

2 4

4

1 2

2 3

2 4
----- Sample Output 1 ------
15

13
----- explanation 1 ------
Test Case $1$: Every non-empty set is valid.

Test Case $2$: The valid sets are $\{1\}$, $\{2\}$, $\{3\}$, $\{4\}$, $\{1, 2\}$, $\{1, 3\}$, $\{1, 4\}$, $\{2, 3\}$, $\{2, 4\}$, $\{3, 4\}$, $\{1, 2, 3\}$, $\{1, 2, 4\}$, $\{2, 3, 4\}$.

输入格式

见题面

输出格式

见题面

样例输入
2 4 1 2 3 1 2 4 4 1 2 2 3 2 4
样例输出
15 13