题目描述
An avid hiker keeps meticulous records of their hikes. During the last hike that took exactly $\textit{steps}$ steps, for every step it was noted if it was an uphill, $\mbox{U}$, or a downhill, $\mbox{D}$ step. Hikes always start and end at sea level, and each step up or down represents a $1$ unit change in altitude. We define the following terms:
A mountain is a sequence of consecutive steps above sea level, starting with a step up from sea level and ending with a step down to sea level.
A valley is a sequence of consecutive steps below sea level, starting with a step down from sea level and ending with a step up to sea level.
Given the sequence of up and down steps during a hike, find and print the number of valleys walked through.
Example
$steps=8$
$path=[DDUUUUDD]$
The hiker first enters a valley $2$ units deep. Then they climb out and up onto a mountain $2$ units high. Finally, the hiker returns to sea level and ends the hike.
Function Description
Complete the countingValleys function in the editor below.
countingValleys has the following parameter(s):
int steps: the number of steps on the hike
string path: a string describing the path
Returns
int: the number of valleys traversed
Input Format
The first line contains an integer $\textit{steps}$, the number of steps in the hike.
The second line contains a single string $\textit{path}$, of $\textit{steps}$ characters that describe the path.
Constraints
$2\leq steps\leq10^6$
$path[i]\in\{UD\}$
Sample Input
8
UDDDUDUU
Sample Output
1
Explanation
If we represent _ as sea level, a step up as /, and a step down as \, the hike can be drawn as:
_/\ _
\ /
\/\/
The hiker enters and leaves one valley.
输入格式
见题面
输出格式
见题面