Sansa has an array. She wants to find the value obtained by XOR-ing the contiguous subarrays, followed by XOR-ing the values thus obtained. Determine this value.

Example

$arr=[3,4,5]$

Subarray Operation Result
3 None 3
4 None 4
5 None 5
3,4 3 XOR 4 7
4,5 4 XOR 5 1
3,4,5 3 XOR 4 XOR 5 2

Now we take the resultant values and XOR them together:

$3\oplus4\oplus5\oplus7\oplus1\oplus2=6$. Return $\boldsymbol{6}$.

Function Description

Complete the sansaXor function in the editor below.

sansaXor has the following parameter(s):

int arr[n]: an array of integers

Returns

int: the result of calculations

Input Format

The first line contains an integer $\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{t}}$, the number of the test cases.

Each of the next $\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{t}}$ pairs of lines is as follows:

• The first line of each test case contains an integer $n$, the number of elements in $arr$.

• The second line of each test case contains $n$ space-separated integers $arr[i]$.

Constraints

$1\leq t\leq5$

$2\leq n\leq10^5$

$1\leq arr[i]\leq10^8$

Sample Input 0
2
3
1 2 3
4
4 5 7 5

Sample Output 0
2
0

Explanation 0

Test case 0:

$1\oplus2\oplus3\oplus(1\oplus2)\oplus(2\oplus3)\oplus(1\oplus2\oplus3)=2$

Test case 1:

$4\oplus5\oplus7\oplus5\oplus(4\oplus5)\oplus(5\oplus7)\oplus(7\oplus5)\oplus(4\oplus5\oplus7)\oplus(5\oplus7\oplus5)\oplus(4\oplus5\oplus7\oplus5)=0$

Sample Input 1
2
3
98 74 12
3
50 13 2

Sample Output 1
110
48

Explanation 1

Test Case 0:

$98\oplus74\oplus12\oplus(98\oplus74)\oplus(74\oplus12)\oplus(98\oplus74\oplus12)=110$

Test Case 1:

$50\oplus13\oplus2\oplus(50\oplus13)\oplus(13\oplus2)\oplus(50\oplus13\oplus2)=48$

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见题面